Passwords, keys & 2FA

Prefer SSH keys / agent where you can. Password storage exists for hosts you can’t use keys with; it is the least secure option sshelf offers. The full threat model: Security.

Auth methods

Each host uses one auth method, chosen in the add/edit form:

agent (default) — ssh uses your keys/agent as usual; sshelf stores nothing.
key — one or more -i identity files. If the key is encrypted, you can store its passphrase and sshelf supplies it automatically at connect.
password — sshelf stores the login password and supplies it automatically.

Where secrets live

OS keyring (default): macOS Keychain, or the Secret Service on Linux (GNOME Keyring / KWallet). Service sshelf, keyed by host id.
The age vault (headless): if SSHELF_VAULT_PASSPHRASE is set, secrets go to an age-encrypted file (vault.age, mode 0600) instead — the path for servers and CI with no keyring daemon. The tradeoffs are documented in Security.

Never in hosts.toml, never on a command line, never in logs or shell history.

On connect, sshelf points SSH_ASKPASS at itself and execs ssh. When ssh needs the secret it invokes that helper, which answers only genuine password/passphrase prompts (matched by their shape) and declines everything else — so a hostile server can’t phish the secret with a look-alike prompt, and the secret never appears in ps or on disk. The full mechanics — and why this needs OpenSSH 8.4+ — are in How the ssh command is built.

Storing & changing a secret

In the form: the masked Password / Key passphrase field. When editing, blank keeps the existing secret.
From a script / headless:

echo "$PASS" | sshelf set-password prod-db        # store or replace after the fact
echo "$PASS" | sshelf add legacy -H 10.0.0.9 -u root --password-stdin

Deleting a host removes its stored secret too.

Two-factor (2FA) hosts

Some servers ask for a verification code (TOTP / keyboard-interactive) on top of your key or password. Set 2FA = yes on the host (form, or sshelf add … --2fa):

TUI connect: a popup collects the current code before the ssh handoff and feeds it to the server’s verification prompt through the same askpass channel. sshelf never proxies the live session.
CLI connect (sshelf <host>): prompts for the code on the terminal.

Codes are manual entry — sshelf does not store TOTP seeds. The flag exists because a connect that auto-supplies a stored secret runs ssh with SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE=force, which routes the code prompt to the helper with no terminal fallback — unflagged, such a connect fails at the code prompt. (A host with no stored secret prompts inline anyway; a host that combines an encrypted key with 2FA but no stored passphrase is better served by the agent.) Background: decisions.md, D-022.

Limitations worth knowing

Jump hosts must use key/agent auth. The askpass helper only holds the target’s secret and can’t tell which hop is prompting.
Building from source on macOS: an unsigned binary may trigger a Keychain approval prompt on connect (Keychain ACLs are keyed to the code signature) — see the FAQ.

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